PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF THE PLANT RINDERA CYCLODONTA

For the first time, a comprehensive study was conducted on the proteins of the plant Rindera cyclodonta and the press cake remaining after alkaloid extraction. A comparative analysis was performed using methods such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), amino acid analysis, and elemental composition analysis. Structural and compositional changes in proteins after alkaloid removal were established, and features of the amino acid profile were identified. The obtained data expand the knowledge about the chemical composition of R. cyclodonta and can be used to assess the potential for utilizing plant raw materials. The article presents results on the total protein content: 8.9% in sample I (initial plant material) and 6.7% in sample II (press cake after alkaloid extraction). Electrophoretic analysis of proteins in both R. cyclodonta samples was conducted using PAGE conditions. Differences in the molecular mass of protein fractions were found, confirming the presence of low-molecular-weight subunits and high-molecular-weight components. Additionally, amino acid analysis, IR spectroscopy, SEM, and elemental composition analysis were carried out. Amino acid analysis of samples I and II revealed quantitative differences in the concentrations of individual amino acids. The total amino acid content in the samples was 81.360 mg/g and 82.130 mg/g, respectively, indicating similar overall amino acid profiles; however, the distribution of specific amino acids varied significantly. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural differences in the plant tissue surfaces. Sample I had a more ordered surface, while Sample II showed loose and less organized structures, which may correlate with differences in protein composition. An analysis of functional groups based on characteristic absorption bands was also performed. The data confirm the presence of biologically active compounds in the samples. This study helps characterize the chemical composition of the plant and contributes to further pharmacological analysis. Using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the presence of both organic elements (C, O, N) and inorganic components (Ca, Mg, S, Fe, etc.) was established, reflecting structural features and the possible degree of protein mineralization. The comparative characterization of the two samples revealed differences in nitrogen, sulfur, and trace element contents, which may be due to tissue specificity and extraction methods.

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