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Lactobacillus rhamnosus-derived exopolysaccharides improve nickel tolerance in wheat by reprogramming soil root nitrogen metabolism: Exopolysaccharides as next-generation bioregulators

Ghulam MurtazaInternational Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanOybek MamarakhimovDepartment of Ecology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, UzbekistanLola SanayevaKholmurzo NazarovDepartment of Geography and Natural Resources, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, UzbekistanMohammad A. A. Al‐NajjarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, JordanMavjudakhon MallayevaDepartment of Hygiene and Ecology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, 140100, UzbekistanMamlakat DjabbarovaKholida MatjanovaKarakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus, Karakalpakstan, 230100, UzbekistanSonia Abid BhattiDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi ArabiaSajid UllahDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan

2026en

Ochiq kirish: yoʻq

ABI

Annotatsiya

Nickel (Ni) contamination in agricultural soil jeopardizes wheat yield, nutrient equilibrium, and food safety. This study assessed the potential of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus to enhance wheat tolerance to nickel stress by modulating soil root nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant defense mechanisms, nickel distribution, and rhizosphere microbial functions. Wheat seedlings were cultivated under control, exopolysaccharides (EPS), Ni, and EPS combined with Ni treatments. Nickel exposure diminished plant height, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight, whereas the administration of exopolysaccharides enhanced these growth parameters under nickel stress. EPS decreased Ni accumulation by 16.91% in roots and 6.03% in shoots relative to Ni treatment alone. Subcellular studies indicated that EPS enhanced Ni retention in the root cell wall while diminishing Ni distribution in soluble components and organelles, implying limited Ni translocation into metabolically active compartments. Ni stress disrupted nitrogen metabolism by reducing total nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite levels, while augmenting ammonium buildup. EPS reinstated nitrogen equilibrium by elevating total nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations, mitigating ammonium accumulation, and enhancing glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities. EPS also stabilized glutathione, non-protein thiols, phytochelatins, and ascorbic acid, signifying enhanced nitrogen-associated antioxidant protection. In rhizosphere soil, EPS transitioned Ni from more bioavailable exchangeable and reducible fractions to less transportable oxidizable and residual fractions. The metagenomic study revealed that EPS altered the bacterial community structure and functional pathways related to the nitrogen cycle during Ni stress. The findings indicate that EPS generated from L. rhamnosus serves as a multifunctional biological supplement that alleviates Ni toxicity in wheat by regulating Ni immobilization, nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant defense, and rhizosphere microbial activity in a coordinated manner. This study presents a viable biological approach to enhance crop performance in nickel-contaminated soils.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101476

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