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Cross-boundary household waste flows and service inequality in a peri-urban settlement in Indonesia

Christia MeidianaDepartment of Regional and Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, IndonesiaAyu FauziahDepartment of Regional and Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, IndonesiaFlorin-Constantin MihaiCERNESIM Environmental Research Center, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Iasi, RomaniaSeptiana HariyaniDepartment of Regional and Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, IndonesiaReba Anindyajati PratamaResearch Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tangerang, Selatan 15314, IndonesiaTonni Agustiono KurniawanCollege of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, ChinaKhurmatbek JumaniyozovDepartment of Chemical Technology, Urgench State University, Urgench 220100, UzbekistanWulan Dwi PurnamasariDepartment of Regional and Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

2026en

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Litsenziya: cc-by-nc

ABI

Annotatsiya

Peri-urban settlements often face incomplete waste service coverage and may depend on nearby urban waste infrastructure, yet routine household waste movement across adjacent administrative boundaries remains under-documented. This study examines household waste flows in Sooko Village, a peri-urban settlement located at the border between Mojokerto Regency and Mojokerto City, East Java, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative case-study design combined field observation, interviews, waste sampling, service coverage data, subsystem-based mass-balance analysis, and the Gini Index to examine both waste flow structure and service inequality. Three operational subsystems were identified, i.e. an unserved subsystem outside the verified formal collection system, a within-boundary formal subsystem, and a cross-boundary formal subsystem linked to facilities managed by Mojokerto City. The results showed that 53.07% of the estimated household waste generation was associated with formal collection, while 46.93% remained outside the formal collection system. The cross-boundary subsystem accounted for 1895.2 kg/day, exceeding the within-boundary subsystem (597.2 kg/day), while the unserved subsystem generated 2203.6 kg/day. The Gini Index of 0.458 indicated uneven distribution of formal collection coverage across community units. These findings suggest that peri-urban waste routing reflects practical infrastructure access as well as administrative boundaries. Improving local waste management therefore requires recognition of cross-boundary routing, expansion of formal collection coverage in unserved areas and appropriate cross-jurisdictional coordination between neighboring local governments.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2026.100375

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