Modern radiological diagnostic methods and the efficacy of minimally invasive technologies in the comprehensive treatment of benign mechanical jaundice

Background. Benign mechanical jaundice (BMJ) is a clinically significant condition that determines the risk of disability and mortality across a broad spectrum of surgical patients. The use of modern radiological diagnostic methods combined with a differentiated staged approach prioritizing minimally invasive technologies can substantially improve clinical outcomes. The purpose was to improve the efficacy of comprehensive treatment for patients with mechanical jaundice through the priority use of minimally invasive technologies. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 424 patients with BMJ treated between 2016 and 2024. The study group (n = 296, 2020–2024) received a differentiated staged approach with priority given to minimally invasive technologies; the control group (n = 128, 2016–2020) underwent conventional treatment. Diagnostic workup included ultrasound for all patients, MRI/MRCP (n = 68), ERCP (n = 102), PTCS (n = 11), and Doppler imaging. Statistical analysis employed the χ2 test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results. Minimally invasive procedures were performed in 218 study group patients. Postoperative complications in the study group were 19.5 versus 26.6 % in controls; mortality was 4.05 versus 6.5 % (p < 0.05). Favorable long-term outcomes were achieved in 88.7 % of study group patients compared to 28.3 % in the control group. Conclusions. A differentiated surgical strategy prioritizing minimally invasive methods significantly reduces postoperative complications and mortality. Radiological modalities (ultrasound, MRCP) play a pivotal role both in the diagnostic phase and in guiding treatment decisions for BMJ.

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