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Wild Nepeta sibirica L. from Eastern Kazakhstan: Botanical Characterization, Essential-Oil Composition, Chemogeographic Context, and Preliminary Bioactivity

Anar MyrzagaliyevaResearch Laboratory “NatureLaB”, Astana International University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanMilena RašetaDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaT.N. SamarkhanovResearch Laboratory “NatureLaB”, Astana International University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanSuleimen YerlanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Efficient Use of Natural Resources, Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana 010000, KazakhstanZharkyn IbatayevDepartment of Physics and Chemistry, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanМолдир ЖумагулResearch Laboratory “NatureLaB”, Astana International University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanNargiza AdilovaDepartment of Family Medicine No. 2 Clinical Pharmacology, National Medical Center, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent 100109, UzbekistanGulnur MamytbekovaDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Efficient Use of Natural Resources, Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana 010000, KazakhstanGafforov YusufjonDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alfraganus University, Tashkent 100190, Uzbekistan

2026en

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Annotatsiya

Nepeta sibirica L. is a medicinal and aromatic species of Lamiaceae whose volatile chemistry varies across its Eurasian range. In this study, we integrated voucher-anchored botanical characterization, GBIF-supported distributional context, essential-oil composition, chemogeographic comparison, and preliminary bioactivity assessment of a wild population from the Altai–Tarbagatai Ridge, Eastern Kazakhstan. Hydrodistillation yielded 0.3% (w/w) essential oil. GC–MS analysis of the essential oil detected and tentatively identified 62 volatile constituents, accounting for 95.5% of the total composition. A dominant nepetalactone peak represented 70.6% of the oil and was tentatively assigned as cis–trans-nepetalactone based on electron-ionization mass-spectral and retention-index data obtained on an achiral column. Germacrene D (6.5%) and cis-β-ocimene (2.8%) were the principal secondary constituents. Chemogeographic comparison indicated similarity to previously reported nepetalactone-rich material from the Altai region. The essential oil exhibited limited DPPH radical-scavenging activity, reaching a maximum inhibition of 12.88 ± 0.56% at 24.19 µg/mL; an IC50 could not be determined within the tested concentration range. In the Artemia salina assay, the essential oil caused 100% mortality at all tested concentrations (0.01–0.10 mg/mL) after 24 h, precluding LC50 estimation within the tested range. These findings document a nepetalactone-dominant essential-oil profile in a voucher-confirmed wild population of N. sibirica from Eastern Kazakhstan and provide preliminary quantitative data on its DPPH radical-scavenging activity and A. salina lethality.

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DOI: 10.3390/plants15192992

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