Bony labyrinth taxonomic identification and long-term evolution of livestock in the Southwest and Central Asia
Agathe GuignetUniversité de Montpellier, Institut des sciences de l'évolution de Montpellier 1 , Montpellier, Occitanie, FranceHossein DavoudiNational Museum of Iran 3 , Tehran, Tehran Province, IranAdeline HemelsdaëlUniversité de Montpellier, Institut des sciences de l'évolution de Montpellier 1 , Montpellier, Occitanie, FranceDelphine DecruyenaereSilk Road International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage 5 , Samarkand, UzbekistanAdeline VautrinRuhr-Universität Bochum 6 , Bochum, GermanyRenaud LebrunInstitut des sciences de l'évolution de Montpellier 7 , Montpellier, Occitanie, FranceRomain PéronnetUMR 7209—BioArch, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 , Paris, Île-de-France, FranceHoma FathiBioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran 8 , Tehran, Tehran Province, IranHitomi HongoThe Graduate University for Advanced Studies Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science 9 , Hayama, Kanagawa Prefecture, JapanSarieh AmiriBioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran 8 , Tehran, Tehran Province, IranSanaz Beizaee DoostIslamic Azad University Central Tehran BranchRoya KhazaeliIslamic Azad University Central Tehran BranchKaryne DebueUMR 7209—BioArch, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 , Paris, Île-de-France, FranceAsma A. KhiljeeMission Archéologique Française du Bassin de l'Indus 11 , PakistanSafoora KamjanCentre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen 13 , Groningen, The NetherlandsAzadeh Fatemeh MohasebUMR 7209—BioArch, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 , Paris, Île-de-France, FranceYasmine St. MartinUMR 7209—BioArch, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 , Paris, Île-de-France, FranceRémi BerthonUMR 7209—BioArch, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 , Paris, Île-de-France, FranceEmmanuelle VilaArchéorientJacopo BrunoInstitute for Iranian Studies, Austrian Academy of Sciences 15 , Vienna, AustriaAbolfazl AaliMCTH, Zanjan Archaeological Museum 16 , Zanjan, IranAkbar AbediDepartment of Archaeology and Archaeometry, Tabriz Islamic Art University 17 , Tabriz, IranAhmad AliyariDepartment of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Tehran 18 , Tehran, IranMohammad Hossein Azizi KharanaghiFereidoun BiglariNational Museum of Iran 3 , Tehran, Tehran Province, IranRaffaele BiscioneAlisher BegmatovBerlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities 21 , Berlin, GermanyAmridin BerdimuradovSamarkand Institute of Veterinary MedicineGennadiy BogomolovNational Center of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan 23 , Tashkent, Tashkent Province, UzbekistanNicole BoenkeRuhr-Universität Bochum 6 , Bochum, GermanyJulien CunyDépartement des Antiquités orientales, Musée du Louvre 24 , Paris, FranceAurore DidierMission Archéologique Française du Bassin de l'Indus 11 , PakistanIulon GagoshidzeIrina GambashidzeGeorgian National Museum 27 , Tbilisi, GeorgiaBruno GenitoUniversità degli Studi di Napoli L'Orientale Dipartimento Asia Africa e Mediterraneo 28 , Naples, Campania, ItalyTeramura HirofumiMinpaku 29 , Suita, Osaka Prefecture, JapanMohsen JaveriDepartment of Archaeology, University of Kashan 30 , Kashan, IranHosseinali KavoshDepartment of Archaeology, University of Zabol 31 , Zabol, IranMorteza KhanipourHaeedeh LalehBioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran 8 , Tehran, Tehran Province, IranZahra LorzadehIslamic Azad University Central Tehran BranchZurab MakharadzeGeorgian National Museum 27 , Tbilisi, GeorgiaCatherine MarroUMR 8086—TEMPS, CNRS 32 , Paris, FranceJamal K. MirzaakhmedovSamarkand Institute of Veterinary MedicineNiloufar MoghimiDepartment of Archaeology, University of Tehran 33 , Tehran, IranTomomi MurakamiWest Asian Archaeology, University of Tsukuba 34 , Tsukuba, JapanReza NaseriDepartment of Archaeology, University of Zabol 31 , Zabol, IranJebrael NokandehIranian Center for Archaeological Research, RICHT 19 , Tehran, IranMarina PuturidzeIvane Javakhishvili State University 35 , Tbilisi, GeorgiaBabak Rafiei-AlaviAga Khan Cultural Service-Afghanistan 36 , Kabul, AfghanistanSobir RaimkulovSamarkand Institute of Veterinary MedicineRoghayeh Rahimi SorkhaniFaculty of Art and Architecture, University of Mazandaran 37 , Babolsar, IranRocco RanteUMR 7041—ArScAn, Archéologie de l'Asie Centrale, Archeologies et Sciences de l'Antiquite 25 , Nanterre, Île-de-France, FranceElena RovaCa' Foscari University 38 , Venice, ItalyM. M. SaidovSilk Road International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage 5 , Samarkand, UzbekistanAlisher SandiboevArchaeological Institute of Samarkand 22 , Samarkand, UzbekistanEberhard SauerThe University of Edinburgh School of History Classics and Archaeology 40 , Edinburgh, UKAli SajadiAli Shojaee-EsfahaniDepartment of Archaeology, Faculty of Conservation and Restoration, Isfahan University of Art 41 , Isfahan, Isfahan Province, IranD. V. SorokinThomas R. StöllnerRuhr-Universität Bochum 6 , Bochum, GermanyKamal TaheriKermanshah University of Medical SciencesAkira TsunekiWest Asian Archaeology, University of Tsukuba 34 , Tsukuba, JapanAli A. VahdatiGeneral Directorate of North Khorasan Province, MCHT 44 , Bojnord, IranDmitriy VoyakinCentral Asian Archaeological Landscapes (CAAL), Institute of Archaeology, University College London 45 , London, UKLiangren ZhangSchool of History, Nanjing University 46 , Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of ChinaMarjan MashkourMission Archéologique Française du Bassin de l'Indus 11 , PakistanAllowen EvinInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement
2026en
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Southwest and Central Asia were pivotal regions for the domestication and dispersal of domestic herbivores. Here we investigate long-term variation in bony labyrinth morphology of domestic bovids (sheep, goats and cattle) across the last 10 000 years. We focused on the osseous cavity of the inner ear, located within the petrous bone. We analysed semicircular canal (SC) size and shape using micro-computed tomography and geometric morphometrics (GMM) on 78 modern reference specimens and 234 archaeological petrous bones from 51 sites spanning the Iranian Plateau, Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Indus Valley. Bony labyrinth morphometrics yielded a strong taxonomic signal, enabling species-level identification of 228 out of 234 specimens and revealing greater diversity than anticipated. Comparative analyses further documented contrasting, nonlinear diachronic trajectories in SC size and shape among sheep, goats and cattle, reflecting species-specific responses to domestication and long-term herd management. Together, these results demonstrate that bony labyrinth GMM provides a robust, non-destructive framework for taxonomic identification and evolutionary inference and underscore how long-term, interdisciplinary approaches can capture the complex, nonlinear dynamics of animal domestication across the longue durée.
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