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Echovirus 19 Molecular Epidemiology in Russia and Some Central Asian Countries in 1999–2024

Elizaveta V. YakovchukChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‐and‐Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis) Moscow RussiaElena Yu. ShustovaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‐and‐Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis) Moscow RussiaLiudmila N. GalitzinaFederal Budgetary Science Institution «Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology» Nizhny Novgorod RussiaEvgenia V. KarpovaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‐and‐Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis) Moscow RussiaOlga Y. BaykovaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‐and‐Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis) Moscow RussiaM. S. BobokhonovaF. B. SaidzodaSachly A. NuryevaState Sanitary‐Epidemiological Service Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan Ashgabat City TurkmenistanMaral AksakowaState Sanitary‐Epidemiological Service Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of Turkmenistan Ashgabat City TurkmenistanAichurok MakilovaRepublican Center for Immunoprophylactics Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan Bishkek KyrgyzstanGulbara IshenapysovaRepublican Center for Immunoprophylactics Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan Bishkek KyrgyzstanBoris PleshkovSanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent UzbekistanBotirjon KurbanovSanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent UzbekistanArmen K. ShakaryanIKB No.1 DZM Moscow RussiaGalina D. GusevaOlga E. IvanovaFirst Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) Moscow RussiaLiubov I. KozlovskayaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune‐and‐Biological Preparations of RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis) Moscow Russia

2026en

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Annotatsiya

Echovirus 19 (E19) is a rarely reported non-polio enterovirus (NPEV), although it has been associated with a spectrum of severe syndromes, including encephalitis, meningitis, and multisystem hemorrhagic disease in infants. Moreover, Echovirus 19 has been detected in patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), suggesting a potential association between viral infection and CNS damage. Here we describe molecular epidemiology of Echovirus 19 in Russia and Central Asia from 1999 to 2024 using data on poliomyelitis surveillance. Echovirus 19 accounted for no more than 4% of annual NPEV isolates, however, in 2022 abundance rate dramatically increased making this virus the most frequently isolated NPEV from AFP cases (14.3% of NPEV-positive AFP cases). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that contemporary (2020-2025) regional isolates formed a distinct, well-supported clade sharing a common ancestor with Echovirus 19 variants isolated from AFP cases in Iran and Pakistan in 2013. Notably, these recent isolates lack sustained country-specific sublineages indicating ongoing cross-border circulation. A novel A83S mutation in the BC-loop of the VP1 antigenic region was identified in 75% isolates collected in 2022-2025. The emergence of this variant highlights the need for continued surveillance and further investigation into the Echovirus 19 possible role in neurological diseases.

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DOI: 10.1002/jmv.71168

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