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Silver-Based Quantum Dots for Near-Infrared Tumor Imaging and Targeted Delivery

Wesam R. KadhumDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kut, 52001, Wasit, IraqRosull Saadoon AbboodMedical Laboratory Techniques department, College of Health and medical technology, University of Al-maarif, Anbar, IraqPareshkumar N. PatelNeeraj BainsalUniversity Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, IndiaOzodbek NematovJizzakh state pedagogical university, Jizzakh, UzbekistanIbrokhim SapaevChemical deparment, University of Tashkent for Applied Science, Tashkent, UzbekistanMIRZA R. BAIGDubai Medical CollegeAmit Kumar GuptaDepartment of Radiology, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, IndiaAseel SmeratDepartment of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, IndiaNeda SarhanYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2026en

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Litsenziya: cc-by

ABI

Annotatsiya

Silver-based quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as NIR-active nanoplatforms with potential relevance to tumor imaging and targeted delivery, yet their biomedical value depends on more than long-wavelength emission. Unlike existing reviews centered mainly on infrared photodetectors, synthesis chemistry, green preparation, or general bioimaging, this review focuses on the mechanistic connection between silver-based QD architecture and tumor-oriented optical–delivery performance. The discussion distinguishes metallic Ag nanodots from silver chalcogenide systems, particularly silver chalcogenide QDs and examines how core composition, quantum confinement, defect states, ligand shells, passivation chemistry, and colloidal stability govern optical identity and biological compatibility. A design framework is then developed for NIR tumor imaging and targeted delivery, emphasizing spectral reliability, tumor transport barriers, ligand-guided recognition, cargo association, and image-guided release. Evidence from biomedical silver QD platforms is critically analyzed to clarify where the field is strongest and where it remains fragmented. Current data support NIR imaging, surface-mediated biological targeting, and delivery-oriented functionality as partially connected capabilities; however, fully integrated platforms combining tumor-selective accumulation, controlled release, therapeutic response, and long-term safety remain insufficiently established. Future progress requires system-level validation rather than isolated optimization of brightness, targeting, or cargo loading.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.116331

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