MAKKАJO‘XORI KRAХMALI VA AKRILONITRIL ASOSIDA SUPERABSORBENT GIDROGELLARNI SINTEZ QILISH HAMDA ULARNING TUZILISHI VA SUV SHIMISH XUSUSIYATLARINI TADQIQ ETISH

This article presents the preparation and characterization of hydrogels based on starch and polyacrylonitrile. The main objective was to improve the water-absorption capacity of corn starch through gelatinization, subsequent polymerization of acrylonitrile, and alkaline saponification of the resulting poly(acrylonitrile)-starch composite. Corn starch was used as the natural polymer, while potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite were employed as the initiating system. Starch gelatinization was performed at 90 °C for 30 min; copolymerization was carried out at 50 °C for 180 min; and alkaline saponification was performed in NaOH solution at 95 °C. The synthesized material was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR spectra indicate that a substantial portion of nitrile groups was converted into carboxamide and carboxylate groups during alkaline hydrolysis. SEM observations revealed a developed porous morphology, which can facilitate water penetration and retention within the hydrogel network. In the investigated series, the highest water-retention value reached 563 g/g at a saponification time of 180 min. The results demonstrate the potential of starch-based polymeric hydrogels for applications requiring efficient water absorption and retention, particularly in materials and soil systems where moisture conservation is important.

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