KRAXMAL KOPOLIMERLARI ASOSIDAGI GIDROGELLAR: SINTEZ, SOVUNLANISH VA SUV YUTISH XOSSALARINI TADQIQ ETISH

This article describes the scientific and technological basis for preparing a superabsorbent hydrogel from corn starch and polyacrylonitrile. The approach consists of starch gelatinization, polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of gelatinized starch, and subsequent alkaline saponification of the starch–poly(acrylonitrile) composite to generate hydrophilic amide and carboxylate groups. Potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite were used as the initiator system. Polymerization was carried out at 50 °C for 180 min, followed by alkaline hydrolysis in 0.9 M NaOH at 95 °C. Water absorption was evaluated using the free-swelling method. According to the experimental data provided in the source manuscript, increasing the saponification time from 30 to 180 min increased the water-retention value from 108 to 563 g/g, while a value of 539 g/g was obtained after 240 min. FTIR evidence indicates transformation of nitrile groups: acrylonitrile showed a characteristic –CN band near 2227.8 cm⁻¹, whereas the hydrogel exhibited additional bands near 1425, 1556 and 1662 cm⁻¹ associated with carboxylate and carboxamide functionalities. SEM observations indicate a porous morphology that can facilitate water penetration and interaction with hydrophilic groups. The material is potentially useful in agriculture for retaining water in the plant root zone and improving water-use efficiency.

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