QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGIDA SUV VA MINERAL O‘G‘ITLARDAN SAMARALI FOYDALANISHGA MO‘LJALLANGAN KRAXMAL ASOSIDAGI GIDROGELLAR SINTEZI

This article presents the results of the synthesis of agricultural hydrogels based on starch copolymers with high swelling capacity, designed for the efficient utilization of water and mineral resources under natural climatic and soil conditions. In this study, a hydrogel was synthesized using corn starch, acrylamide, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, potassium persulfate, and bentonite. The synthesis process was carried out by radical polymerization under a nitrogen atmosphere. The yield of the obtained product was 93.8%. The structure and functional groups of the hydrogel were investigated using Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), its morphological characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that the hydrogel exhibited high water absorption capacity at a starch molar ratio of 1:2. In addition, the effects of bentonite, kaolin, and montmorillonite minerals on the swelling capacity of the hydrogel were investigated. It was established that the application of the synthesized hydrogels in agriculture can reduce water consumption and contribute to increasing crop productivity.

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