STUDY OF THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MILK THISTLE OIL SPOTTED GROWING IN THE TERRITORY REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

The subject of the research article is the seeds of milk thistle (lat. Sílybum mariánum), belonging to the Asteraceae family. During the study, the fatty acid composition of the seeds was analyzed. The results showed that the content of neutral lipids is 24.56%, and polar lipids – 1.88%. Among the unsaturated fatty acids in neutral lipids, linoleic (C18:2; 71.29%) and oleic (C18:1; 19.7%) acids dominate. At the same time, among the saturated acids, palmitic (C16:0; 5.27%) and stearic (C18:0; 2.17%) acids predominate. In the studied samples, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was 74%, and the proportion of saturated acids was 26%. In addition, the seeds contain hydrocarbons, carotenoids, phytosterol esters with fatty acids, triterpenols, phytosterols and modified chlorophylls. The analysis revealed 13 components in the composition of neutral lipid fatty acids and 14 components in glycolipids (GL) and phospholipids (PL), with unsaturated fatty acids accounting for 59.98% to 91.32%, with the main predominance of linoleic acid 18:2n6. A notable feature of neutral lipid fatty acids is their high content of linoleic acid 18:2n6 (71.29%), which is present in both GL (39.63%) and PL (47.19%).

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