Modern Features of Labor Migration Development in Central Asia

This study analyzes the contemporary features of labor migration in Central Asian countries during 2020–2025, focusing on the interconnection between economic factors, the transformation of migration processes, and climate change. The article identifies the “paradox of the migration economy”: remittances support the welfare of households, but at the same time reinforce the structural dependence of national economies and households on external labor markets. Russia continues to play a significant role as the main destination for migration, despite the growth of alternative routes. Increasing pressure caused by climate change creates an additional migration impulse, raising the risks of forced displacement. Migration is considered not as a temporary phenomenon, but as a sustainable model of regional development. Methodologically, the study relies on an interdisciplinary approach combining comparative analysis, elements of political-economic analysis, and the generalization of secondary statistical data. The source base consists of materials from international organizations, including UN DESA, the World Bank, IOM, and IPCC, as well as recent academic studies on migration, remittances, climate vulnerability, and post-Soviet transformations. The main conclusion of the article is that labor migration in Central Asia is not a temporary response to economic difficulties, but a stable mechanism of adaptation for households and national economies to structural development constraints. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying the factors that should be taken into account in the long-term analysis of migration processes, human security, and the socio-economic sustainability of the region. In conclusion, the article shows that progress toward a more sustainable model of migration governance may be possible if economic diversification, migrant protection, human capital development, and climate adaptation are considered as interconnected dimensions of long-term regional development.

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