The role of digital twin technology in supply chain resilience: a cross-national economic analysis and online marketing

The topic of supply chain resilience is becoming strategically important for decision makers in the modern dynamic global economy environment. Digital twin technology helps to create a virtual model of the physical supply chain which makes it possible to simulate disruptions and optimize decision making. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of digital twin maturity on supply chain resilience through a comparative study across countries. Data for 30 countries (15 developed countries and 15 transition economies, among them Uzbekistan) was taken annually for the period 2015-2024. The two composite indices, digital twin maturity index (DTMI) and supply chain resilience index (SCRI) were created using principal component analysis, and afterwards the causal link between them was calculated using the System Generalized Moments Method (System GMM). According to the results, a one unit increase in the digital twin maturity index causes an increase in the level of resilience by 0.21 units. This relationship holds true particularly strongly in emerging and transition economies (interaction term is equal to 0.14). The average level of digital maturity of advanced economies equals 0.78 and of emerging economies equals 0.21. Uzbekistan ranks the lowest with the level of DTMI equal to 0.18. The robustness of the findings was verified by conducting robustness checks with the use of different variables and samples. In conclusion, the empirical findings clearly show that higher digital twin maturity levels improve supply chain resilience for all country groups, with the largest marginal impact being recorded in emerging and transitional countries. Thus, it is clear that through targeted investments in digital infrastructure, especially cloud computing and IoT technology, developing countries can effectively use this strategy to overcome the existing lag in supply chain resilience vis-à-vis the developed world. In light of the foregoing, the findings can be used by developing countries, such as Uzbekistan, to develop policies that strengthen their supply chains.

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