O‘ZBEKISTON HUDUDINING PALEOGEOGRAFIK VA GEOMORFOLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARI: QUYI AMUDARYO VA OROLBO‘YI HUDUDLARINING QADIMGI TABIIY-GEOGRAFIK MUHITI

This article analyzes the processes of paleogeographical and geomorphological formation of the territory of Uzbekistan, with particular emphasis on the ancient natural and geographical environment of the Lower Amu Darya and Aral Sea regions. Information obtained from geological, geographical, paleogeographical, archaeological, and ethnographic studies conducted during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries is synthesized using a theoretical-comparative approach. The study examines the geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of the Ustyurt Plateau, the Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts, the ancient channels of the Amu Darya River, the Akchadarya Basin, Mount Sultan Uvays, and the Aral Sea region. Furthermore, it explores the influence of changes in the natural and geographical environment on the formation and location of ancient settlements and the economic activities of their inhabitants. The water resources, alluvial deposits, flora, and fauna of the Lower Amu Darya region are considered significant factors determining the living conditions of ancient societies. The findings provide an opportunity to examine the historical and geographical development of the region in close connection with paleogeographical processes.

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