Design and Development of Solar-Powered Structures for Agricultural Machinery

The structural configuration and preliminary energy sizing of solar-powered low-capacity agricultural machinery are examined. A stationary 5 kWp photovoltaic (PV) charging canopy is integrated with a detachable 24 kWh lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a battery management system (BMS), a power electronic inverter, and an electric traction/implement drive. A transparent design scenario is formulated for a 4.0 kW mechanical load, a 0.65 load factor, and five daily operating hours. The calculated mechanical demand is 13.00 kWh/day; the corresponding battery output is 15.20 kWh/day, and the minimum nominal battery capacity is 20.01 kWh. Under 4.6 equivalent peak-sun hours and explicitly assumed conversion efficiencies, the proposed PV system yields 15.77 kWh/day of usable energy. A diesel reference system is assessed on an equal useful-work basis. All numerical findings are model-based design estimates rather than field-validated measurements.

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