Factor analysis of sustainable development of enterprises in the digital economy

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of a factor analysis of the sustainable development of industrial enterprises operating in the context of the digital transformation of economic systems. It substantiates the need to move from traditional functional classifications of sustainability factors to a multidimensional typology that takes into account their origin, horizon of action, degree of controllability, and the nature of their influence on various sustainability dimensions. Based on a critical analysis of existing approaches, the author proposes a system of five broad groups of factors: institutional-regulatory, market-network, internal organizational-economic, personnel-competence, and technological. A distinction is made between first- and second-order factors, as well as between reinforcing and limiting factors. It is demonstrated that the decisive condition for sustainable development is not the maximization of individual factors, but the achievement of configurational compatibility between them. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of "digital fragility," which arises from the unbalanced implementation of technologies without appropriate organizational and personnel support. The article is addressed to researchers in the field of strategic management, digital economy, and corporate sustainability, as well as practitioners responsible for the digital transformation of enterprises.

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