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Effects of organic nutrient sources and NPK fertilizer on soil fertility, yield, and rhizome quality of ginger

Chou-Yi HsuTunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USAGhada Al-AssiFaculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JordanAli Ahmadi PeyghanDepartment of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennal, 602105, Tamil Nadu, IndiaIbrahim MahariqUniversity College, Korea University, Seoul, 02481, South KoreaMutabar LatipovaNational Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent, 100000, UzbekistanDilfuza BegmatovaNational University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, UzbekistanHuseyn ImanovNakhchivan State UniversityVaragunapandiyan NatarajanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaJaved Khan BhuttoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaSaiful IslamCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi ArabiaTaiwo Michael AgbedeDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

2026en

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Litsenziya: cc-by-nc-nd

ABI

Annotatsiya

Soil fertility improvement using locally available nutrient sources is essential for sustainable ginger production in low-input tropical agroecosystems. A two-year field study was conducted in 2023 and 2024 at two sites in Owo, Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria, to evaluate the comparative effects of animal manures, green biomass amendments and NPK fertilizer on soil properties, growth, yield and rhizome quality of ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Eight treatments comprising pig manure, cow dung, poultry manure, goat manure, Tithonia diversifolia , Chromolaena odorata , NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and an unfertilized control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All nutrient sources were applied at an equivalent rate of 120 kg N ha − 1 . Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and treatment means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05. Organic amendments generally increased soil pH, organic matter, total N, available P and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, while reducing bulk density and improving soil moisture compared with the control and NPK fertilizer. Poultry manure produced the highest rhizome yields of 20.5 and 21.8 t ha − 1 in 2023 and 2024, respectively, and generally recorded the highest growth, dry matter, leaf nutrient concentrations and rhizome protein, ash, fat, oleoresin and mineral contents, whereas carbohydrate and fibre contents were greatest in the control. Tithonia diversifolia and Chromolaena odorata generally ranked next to poultry manure. Organic amendments therefore improved soil fertility, ginger productivity and rhizome quality more effectively than sole NPK fertilizer in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria.

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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-76191-8

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