O‘zbekiston Respublikasi bo‘yicha birlamchi buyrak usti bezi yetishmovchiligi bo‘lgan bemorlarning klinik-gormonal xususiyatlarini o‘rganish

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a life-threatening endocrine disorder that may lead to severe complications and increased mortality if not diagnosed in a timely manner and treated with adequate hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the investigation of the clinical and hormonal features of PAI remains a relevant issue in modern endocrinology. Aim. To study retrospective clinical and hormonal data of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency during the period from 2017 to 2024. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 52 patients with primary adrenal insufficiency who were under dispensary follow-up at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Endocrinology between 2017 and 2024. Patients were divided into three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–59 years, and 60–74 years. The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy individuals. Clinical manifestations, anthropometric parameters, biochemical and hormonal indicators, as well as instrumental examination data were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 2024). Results. All patients with PAI demonstrated predominant symptoms of general weakness, apathy, weight loss, and skin hyperpigmentation, which was most pronounced in elderly patients (up to 100%). In the youngest age group, ACTH levels were significantly higher compared with the control group (218.4 ± 2.8 vs. 15.1 ± 2.1 pg/mL, p < 0.05), while cortisol levels were significantly lower (4.9 ± 0.7 vs. 20.5 ± 2.3 µg/dL, p < 0.05). In the oldest age group, a significant decrease in serum sodium levels was observed (127.8 ± 7.6 vs. 140.0 ± 3.1 mmol/L, p < 0.05), whereas potassium levels remained within normal ranges. Arterial hypotension, salt craving, anemia, and episodes of hypoglycemia were frequently observed. Conclusion. Primary adrenal insufficiency is associated with pronounced clinical and hormonal disturbances, particularly elevated ACTH and reduced cortisol levels in younger patients, as well as electrolyte imbalance in elderly individuals. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and patient education on self-management are essential to reduce the risk of complications.

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