BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, DISSEMINATION PATHWAYS AND CONTROL OF PARASITIC FUNGI OCCURRING ON PLANTS IN UZBEKISTAN

Every year a considerable share of crop yield in Uzbekistan is lost to fungal diseases, yet information on the subject remains scattered across many publications. In this article we collected and comparatively analysed research published in 2002–2025 on the biology, ecology, dissemination pathways and control of parasitic fungi occurring in the country. The fungi were grouped by trophic type into obligate parasites (biotrophs), necrotrophs and hemibiotrophs. Particular attention was paid to the species causing the greatest economic damage: Puccinia striiformis, the agent of wheat stripe rust, Fusarium species, Verticillium dahliae, the cause of cotton wilt, and powdery mildew fungi. According to the data, 67 powdery mildew species from 10 genera have been found in the Uzbek part of the Fergana Valley, stripe rust reduces wheat yield by up to 24–39%, and wilt resistance of cotton cultivars depends directly on the phytoalexin content of their tissues (r = –0.92). The spread of fungi by air, water, seed, soil, planting material and machinery was systematised. In conclusion, an integrated protection system linking agronomic, breeding, biological, chemical and quarantine measures is proposed.

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