DETERMINATION OF THE CIRCULATION ZONE WIDTH AT THE JUNCTION OF EARTHEN CANALS

The junction of open canal flows significantly affects hydraulic conditions, sediment transport, and channel deformation processes. One of the main hydraulic features at canal junctions is the formation of a circulation (vortex) zone near the side bank, which reduces the effective flow cross-section and leads to sediment deposition. This study aims to determine the width and length of the circulation zone formed at the junction of earthen canals. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted, and statistical and regression analyses were applied to establish relationships between flow velocity ratios and cross-sectional parameters. As a result, empirical equations were obtained to predict the width and length of the circulation zone depending on flow conditions and junction angles. Comparison with experimental and existing formula results showed good agreement. The proposed relationships can be used in hydraulic calculations to forecast channel deformation and improve canal design.

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