Intelligent microprocessor-based protection device for track transformers in railway automation systems and its technical and economic efficiency evaluation

The study addresses the problem of improving the reliability of protection systems for track transformers used in railway automation and telemechanics. The relevance of this research is due to the need to reduce failures in track circuits, increase train traffic safety, and minimize operational and maintenance costs under modern conditions of railway infrastructure development. The objective of the work is to develop an intelligent microprocessor-based protection device capable of ensuring higher speed, accuracy, and functional capabilities compared to traditional electromechanical circuit breakers of the AVM type. The research methodology includes analysis of existing protection devices, identification of their limitations, mathematical modeling of operating modes, and development of a protection algorithm based on digital signal processing. The proposed solution is implemented as the AVM-MP device, which performs continuous monitoring of current parameters using sensors and microcontroller-based processing in real time. A protection algorithm has been developed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory document TNK-TSSh 0281-2015, taking into account overload coefficients and operational conditions. The device ensures adaptive parameter adjustment, fast response to fault conditions, and selective disconnection of the protected circuit. The results demonstrate that the developed device provides improved reliability, reduced response time, and extended functionality, including monitoring, diagnostics, and remote control. The estimated mean time between failures (MTBF) is approximately 25 years. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of replacing outdated protection devices without modifying the existing railway infrastructure. The proposed solution ensures increased operational efficiency and reduced maintenance costs.

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