Socio-Psychological, Legal and Cultural Causes and Consequences of Domestic Violence: Risk Factors, Victim Impact, and Prevention Strategies

Domestic violence remains a serious social problem despite ongoing legal and democratic progress. This article examines domestic violence as a complex socio-psychological phenomenon arising from the interaction of social, economic, cultural, and personal factors. The main causes include economic hardship, substance abuse, gender stereotypes, exposure to violence during childhood, psychological instability, and low legal awareness. Domestic violence affects women, children, the elderly, and other vulnerable groups, and manifests in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic forms. Its consequences include trauma, mental and physical health disorders, social exclusion, and the intergenerational transmission of violent behavior. The study highlights the importance of strengthening legal protection, increasing public awareness, and implementing comprehensive prevention strategies.

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