Atmospheric Air Pollution and Medical and Environmental Problems in the Industrialized Areas of the Samarkand Region

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of air pollution levels in the industrial areas of the Samarkand region, one of the most economically developed territories of Uzbekistan.Using regional industrial statistics, emission inventories, and enterprise-level environmental data, the research identifies the spatial distribution, composition, and intensity of atmospheric pollutants across major industrial zones.The analysis demonstrates that the Samarkand region hosts more than 5,400 environmentally significant facilities, including 171 high-hazard (Category I) enterprises, which collectively shape the regional air quality profile.Emission data from key industrial enterprises-such as "Azia Metall Prof," Henguan Cement LLC, Jomboy Green Lights LLC, and Urgut Textile Shifer LLC-reveal substantial releases of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, cement and inorganic dust, hydrocarbons, and carcinogenic compounds such as benz(a)pyrene.Among these, nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide dominate emissions from metallurgical production, while cement plants contribute significantly to dust, sulfur oxides, and carbon dioxide.Temporal analysis shows persistently high emissions in Samarkand city and Kattakurgan district, with slight reductions in recent years linked to industrial relocation and expansion of green zones.The findings highlight considerable environmental risks, including deteriorating air quality, increased respiratory hazards, and potential long-term ecological impacts.The study underscores the need for strengthened emission control technologies, expansion of monitoring networks, and improved regulatory enforcement.These results contribute new empirical evidence for environmental policy, urban planning, and public health management in rapidly industrializing regions of Central Asia.

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