Competitive Performance Dynamics in Wrestling: A Four-Year Analysis of World Championships (2020–2023)

Transformations in the overall structure of competitive activity, including rule modifications and tactical evolution, have significantly affected match dynamics and athlete performance, highlighting the importance of continuously evaluating performance trends. The aim of this study is to examine the dynamics of competitive performance indicators among elite wrestlers based on the analysis of World Championships from 2020 to 2023. The study analyzed the performance of 2765 athletes: 1000 Greco-Roman wrestlers, 1033 freestyle wrestlers, and 732 female wrestlers. A total of 3206 bouts from the World Wrestling Championships (2020–2023) were examined. The analysis showed a consistent increase in total points scored across all wrestling styles over the years. The most effective techniques remained consistent throughout the period. In Greco-Roman wrestling, the most points were scored from gut wrenches, lifts (parterre), and passivity, takedowns (standing). In freestyle and women's wrestling, leg attacks and takedowns were most effective in standing, while gut wrenches, turn overs, and ankle lace dominated in parterre. The average number of points per bout increased steadily in freestyle wrestling (from 8.7 in 2020 to 9.8 in 2023), while in Greco-Roman and women's wrestling it fluctuated. The success index in freestyle rose to its peak in 2023 (2.1), while in women's wrestling it peaked in 2021 (2.0) and slightly declined before rising again. The findings emphasize the importance of ongoing adjustments to competition regulations, particularly in Greco-Roman wrestling, to ensure balanced competitiveness and maintain the sport's attractiveness to spectators.

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