Structure–property relationships and third-order nonlinear optical properties of bis((pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methanaminium) hexabromostannate(IV) dibromide: A multifunctional hybrid material for nonlinear optical and photonic applications
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Annotatsiya
Single crystals of the organic–inorganic hybrid bis((pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methanaminium) hexabromostannate(IV) dibromide (3-PyMA-SnBr 6 ) were successfully synthesized to establish the relationship between crystal architecture and its multifunctional optical, dielectric, and nonlinear optical properties. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a centrosymmetric triclinic structure comprising discrete [SnBr 6 ] 2– octahedra interconnected through a robust N–H···Br hydrogen-bonded network, while bond valence sum analysis confirmed the stable Sn(IV) oxidation state. The bromide-rich inorganic framework reduced the direct optical band gap to 3.06 eV and promoted efficient visible photoluminescence, demonstrating the significant influence of halide polarizability on the electronic structure. Z-scan measurements revealed a measurable third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ (3) = 9.41 × 10 –11 esu) together with self-defocusing behaviour and reverse saturable absorption, indicating effective third-order nonlinear optical activity. Dielectric investigations demonstrated frequency-dependent polarization, characterized by interfacial polarization at low frequencies and intrinsic lattice polarization at higher frequencies, accompanied by low dielectric loss and thermally activated hopping conduction. Hirshfeld surface analysis established that strong N–H···Br hydrogen bonds dominate the crystal packing and play a decisive role in stabilizing the supramolecular architecture. The integrated structural, optical, dielectric, and nonlinear optical investigations demonstrate that the bromide-rich inorganic framework and hydrogen-bond-mediated crystal organization collectively govern the multifunctional properties of 3-PyMA-SnBr 6 , highlighting its potential as a lead-free hybrid material for third-order nonlinear optical, photonic, and dielectric applications.
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