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Structure–property relationships and third-order nonlinear optical properties of bis((pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methanaminium) hexabromostannate(IV) dibromide: A multifunctional hybrid material for nonlinear optical and photonic applications

Pirnazar Kodamboevich KodamboevDepartment of Chemistry, Khorezm Mamun branch of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Markaz-1, Khiva 220900, UzbekistanIkrom Iskandarovich AbdullaevDepartment of Chemistry, Khorezm Mamun branch of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Markaz-1, Khiva 220900, UzbekistanKhayitali Fayzullaevich AdinaevInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, M.Ulugbek Str., 77a, Tashkent 100170, UzbekistanGuganathan LoganathanDepartment of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, IndiaE. Sh. SamandarovDepartment of Chemistry, Khorezm Mamun branch of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Markaz-1, Khiva 220900, UzbekistanAbror Kh. RuzmetovInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, M.Ulugbek Str., 77a, Tashkent 100170, UzbekistanSadridin EshkaraevDepartment of Medicine, Termez University of Economics and Service,Surkhandarya, Farovon street 4-b, Termez 190111, UzbekistanSurayyo RazzoqovaDepartment of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanA. T. IbragimovDepartment of Medicine, Termez University of Economics and Service,Surkhandarya, Farovon street 4-b, Termez 190111, UzbekistanC. BalakrishnanInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, M.Ulugbek Str., 77a, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
2026en
ABI

Annotatsiya

Single crystals of the organic–inorganic hybrid bis((pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)methanaminium) hexabromostannate(IV) dibromide (3-PyMA-SnBr 6 ) were successfully synthesized to establish the relationship between crystal architecture and its multifunctional optical, dielectric, and nonlinear optical properties. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a centrosymmetric triclinic structure comprising discrete [SnBr 6 ] 2– octahedra interconnected through a robust N–H···Br hydrogen-bonded network, while bond valence sum analysis confirmed the stable Sn(IV) oxidation state. The bromide-rich inorganic framework reduced the direct optical band gap to 3.06 eV and promoted efficient visible photoluminescence, demonstrating the significant influence of halide polarizability on the electronic structure. Z-scan measurements revealed a measurable third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ (3) = 9.41 × 10 –11 esu) together with self-defocusing behaviour and reverse saturable absorption, indicating effective third-order nonlinear optical activity. Dielectric investigations demonstrated frequency-dependent polarization, characterized by interfacial polarization at low frequencies and intrinsic lattice polarization at higher frequencies, accompanied by low dielectric loss and thermally activated hopping conduction. Hirshfeld surface analysis established that strong N–H···Br hydrogen bonds dominate the crystal packing and play a decisive role in stabilizing the supramolecular architecture. The integrated structural, optical, dielectric, and nonlinear optical investigations demonstrate that the bromide-rich inorganic framework and hydrogen-bond-mediated crystal organization collectively govern the multifunctional properties of 3-PyMA-SnBr 6 , highlighting its potential as a lead-free hybrid material for third-order nonlinear optical, photonic, and dielectric applications.

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