A Prior-Based Adaptive Simulation Method for Natural Gas Networks under Irregular Supply–Demand Fluctuations

Natural gas, as a clean and efficient energy carrier, plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions, and transient simulation of natural gas networks is essential for planning, operation, and safety assessment. However, conventional methods based on globally uniform time steps suffer from low computational efficiency and poor responsiveness in emergency scenarios, while adaptive approaches relying on a posteriori local truncation error (LTE) may involve delayed feedback and additional computational costs associated with step rejection and rollback. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a boundary-excitation-based a priori adaptive time-stepping method (BEATS) for offline simulations with available boundary information, together with a structural fidelity evaluation framework. Unlike conventional approaches, the method performs structured analysis from boundary conditions, enabling structure-aware global time resolution planning. Structural events are identified via change-point detection, and local fluctuation is quantified using total variation to construct a non-uniform time-step distribution, followed by solution using an implicit central difference scheme with the Newton–Raphson method. Case study results indicate that both the uniform time-stepping method and BEATS achieve approximately 99% pointwise accuracy while maintaining high structural fidelity, whereas BEATS attains a speedup of 62.82% to 84.44%. Further analysis reveals that acceleration originates from the reduction in time levels, while accuracy is preserved through rational time-step allocation. Overall, BEATS introduces structural fidelity as a complementary control objective, providing an alternative framework for efficient and reliable transient simulation.

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