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Low-carbon polygeneration via solar-assisted biomass gasification and PAFC: Cascaded multi-stage Kalina exergy recovery, Pareto frontiers, and stochastic Monte Carlo screening

Badreddine AyadiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi ArabiaPooya GhodratallahDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, IraqMustafa AbdullahFaculty of Engineering, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research (HCASR), Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JordanMehraj-ud-din NaikDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaSaif AlshammariDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakakah, 72388, Saudi ArabiaAbdellatif M. SadeqFaculty of Agricultural Mechanization, TIIAME National Research University, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent, 100000, UzbekistanNarinderjit Singh Sawaran SinghFaculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai, 71800, MalaysiaHusam RajabCollege of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Road, P.O Box 1988, Najran, Saudi ArabiaMohamed ShabanPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, P. O. Box: 170, Madinah, 42351, Saudi ArabiaWalid AichDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia

2026en

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Litsenziya: cc-by

ABI

Annotatsiya

The growing need to mitigate the carbon intensity of energy-intensive coastal regions while securing freshwater supplies calls for integrated conversion systems capable of exploiting biomass and solar resources simultaneously. This study develops and evaluates a solar–biomass polygeneration system for Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, where high solar availability, industrial activity, and seawater access provide a relevant context for combined power and freshwater production. Wheat-straw gasification supplies synthesis gas to a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), while a parabolic trough collector (PTC) field preheats the cathode air. The proposed topology further thermodynamically tailored Kalina bottoming cycles operating at low-, intermediate-, and high-temperature levels, together with a multi-effect distillation unit with thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC) desalination unit for cascaded heat and exergy recovery. A comprehensive 4E assessment is combined with global sensitivity screening, hybrid metaheuristic multi-objective optimization, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), and Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis. Under the reference condition, the system produces 392.05 kW of net power and 0.463 m 3 /h of freshwater, with thermal and exergy efficiencies of 54.84% and 33.35%, respectively. The optimal design trade-off increases exergy efficiency to 43.90%, while reducing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to 45.612 USD/MWh and specific CO 2 emissions to 700.27 kg/MWh, corresponding to improvements of 10.55%, 16.3%, and 11.3% relative to the baseline, respectively. Current density and gasifier bed temperature are identified as the dominant operating drivers. Monte Carlo results evaluate the parametric stability of the selected design, yielding mean exergy efficiency, LCOE, and emissions of 43.68%, 45.92 USD/MWh, and 703.45 kg/MWh, respectively.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.113392

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