From Digital Visibility to Coordinated Action: A Capability Architecture for Seaport–Dry Port Systems

Shared operational information can make an exception visible while leaving seaports and inland terminals unable to respond jointly. This article examines capabilities needed to bridge that gap through a conceptual architecture drawing on port-hinterland governance, digitally enabled integration, ecosystem complementarity and organisational learning. The actionability gap is a mismatch between information about a specified operational event and the collective capacity to agree, authorise and execute an appropriate response. The five capability layers are: physical-functional integration, data interoperability, operational intelligence, collaborative decision rights, and performance assurance and learning. Four propositions connect these capabilities to an event-level diagnostic procedure. The maturity model distinguishes fragmented, connected, coordinated and adaptive arrangements, with no inevitable development sequence. Public documents from Zhejiang illustrate the difference between policy commitments, reported platform connections and evidence of joint action. They neither support organisational ratings nor verify performance effects. By specifying authority, resource commitments, fallback arrangements and outcome review, the architecture makes the event-to-response logic traceable. It complements existing smart-port architectures by specifying the evidence needed to identify a digital connection as a coordination capability. The proposed relationships await empirical testing. At this conceptual stage, the framework supports structured diagnosis and investment appraisal; it does not predict performance.

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