EXAMINING THE ROLE OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

This study examines whether Kazakhstan's structural transformation has been environmentally sustainable and whether renewable energy can support a greener development trajectory. The study constructs a structural transformation index through principal component analysis, integrating economic growth, urbanization, education, institutional quality, and political stability. The study used the autoregressive distributed lag model to examine the short run and long relationship between the structural transformation, renewable energy and sustainable development in Kazakhstan. The findings of the study indicate that renewable energy has positive and significant effect on sustainable development, highlighting its importance for cleaner environment and sustainable development. In contrast, structural transformation index has negative and significant effect on sustainable development, indicating that Kazakhstan prevailing development has not been sufficiently aligned with environmental sustainability. The results show that economic and institution development alone does not promote sustainable development, when structural transformation remains associated with environmental pressure and fossil fuel dependence. The study suggests the need to accelerate renewable energy adoption, strengthen the environmental governance, promote the green structural transformation and reduce fossil fuel dependence.

Hali tarjima qilinmagan