Ультразвуковая допплерография как метод прогнозирования и оценки тяжести плацентарных нарушений при преэклампсии

Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of placental dysfunction, placental insufficiency, and hypoxic injury to the fetal central nervous system. Early detection of hemodynamic decompensation may help prevent intrapartum fetal death and severe neurological outcomes. This study aimed to investigate fetal cerebral blood flow in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia of varying severity to optimize clinical management and the timing of delivery. Comprehensive analysis of ultrasound and Doppler findings demonstrated that preeclampsia progression correlates with a reduced pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and a marked decline in the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), reflecting the brain-sparing effect under hypoxic conditions. An algorithm was developed to distinguish compensated fetal adaptation from critical hemodynamic decompensation. Thus, Doppler assessment of fetal cerebral and placental circulation may facilitate the prediction of perinatal outcomes and inform decisions regarding pregnancy prolongation or emergency delivery.

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