Silver-containing quantum dots for flexible electronics, energy storage, and optoelectronic devices: Materials chemistry and interfacial design

Silver-containing quantum dots encompass distinct material classes, including elemental silver quantum dots (AgQDs), silver chalcogenide quantum dots, and silver-doped semiconductor quantum dots. Their different compositions and electronic structures create opportunities for flexible electronics, energy storage, sensing, and optoelectronic devices, but also require careful distinction when interpreting reported mechanisms and performance. This review examines how particle structure, surface chemistry, defects, and interfacial coupling influence charge transport and device functionality across these material classes. Elemental AgQDs are discussed primarily in relation to conductive networks, flexible components, and electrochemical interfaces, whereas silver chalcogenides and silver-doped quantum dots are considered in their respective optoelectronic and energy-conversion contexts. The review evaluates hierarchical architectures and hybrid-material strategies while distinguishing material-specific findings from broader interface-design principles. It also examines the evidence supporting reported performance improvements and identifies gaps in material characterization, mechanistic attribution, long-term reliability, and manufacturing scalability. Future progress will depend on comparisons that account for differences in composition and device architecture, alongside standardized performance assessment and improved control of interfaces. By organizing the literature according to material class and function, this review provides a framework for evaluating silver-containing quantum dots and their potential integration into multifunctional devices.

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