INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL ASIA: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

This study examines institutional conditions for business development in five Central Asian countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan—using the 2024 World Development Indicators and the World Bank's Business Ready 2025 assessment. It compares Business Entry, Market Competition and Business Insolvency scores to identify differences in institutional performance. Regional average scores are 74.0, 46.1 and 39.8, respectively. Uzbekistan scores 90.7 in Business Entry, compared with 52.8 in Market Competition and 50.2 in Business Insolvency, while Kyrgyzstan records the largest entry–insolvency gap (53.1 points). The findings highlight opportunities to complement business registration reforms with improvements in competition policy, access to finance, insolvency procedures and creditor protection. The analysis is descriptive and does not establish causal relationships. UZ Ushbu tezisda Jahon bankining 2024-yilgi Jahon rivojlanish ko'rsatkichlari va Business Ready 2025 baholash natijalari asosida Markaziy Osiyoning beshta mamlakati — Qozog'iston, Qirg'iziston, Tojikiston, Turkmaniston va O'zbekistonda tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirishning institutsional sharoitlari tahlil qilinadi. Biznesni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish, bozor raqobati va to'lovga qobiliyatsizlik yo'nalishlari bo'yicha mintaqaviy o'rtacha ko'rsatkichlar mos ravishda 74,0, 46,1 va 39,8 ballni tashkil etgan. O'zbekistonda ushbu ko'rsatkichlar 90,7, 52,8 va 50,2 ballga teng bo'lib, Qirg'izistonda biznesni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish va to'lovga qobiliyatsizlik ko'rsatkichlari o'rtasidagi eng katta tafovut (53,1 ball) qayd etilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari raqobat siyosatini, moliyalashtirish imkoniyatlarini, to'lovga qobiliyatsizlik tartib-taomillarini va kreditorlar huquqlarini himoya qilish mexanizmlarini takomillashtirish zarurligini ko'rsatadi. Tahlil tavsifiy xarakterga ega bo'lib, sabab-oqibat bog'liqliklarini aniqlashni nazarda tutmaydi.

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