Intellect from Sadra's point of view and extracting his implications for rational education

The connection and relationship between reason and religion has been one of the most long-standing issues of dispute and controversy among the believers of reason and those who avoid reason in the field of religious issues. Mulla Sadra has insisted on connection and agreement and believes that not only reason explains the principles of religion, but many religious teachings also clarify intellectual proofs in many issues. As one of the most significant figures of Islamic philosophy, Mulla Sadra created a huge revolution in philosophy by replacing the philosophy of existence over essence instead of the traditional philosophy prevalent in his time. Sadra's anthropology is closely related to his ontological and epistemological view. In his view, the human soul at its lowest level, as a result of gaining grace from the first one and performing austerities and actions, ascends through rational steps, and after connecting with the active intellect and becoming one with the realm of the kingdom, it becomes eligible to receive truths from the source of revelation. He believes that religious teachings are expressed in three forms of rational, non-rational and anti-rational. According to him, anti-rational teachings do not exist externally at all. And non-rational teachings do not mean anti-rational teachings. Rather, they are trans-rational and in a sense, they can be considered outside the scope of human reason. However, Mulla Sadra considers the definitive ruling on meta-intellectual knowledge dependent on factors such as certainty in the verdict of reason and accurate and not superficial understanding of the verses. Therefore, it can be concluded that, contrary to the views of the Akhbarists and the Ahl al-Hadith, not only is there no conflict between intellectual knowledge and religion, but both are light and complement each other in matters of knowledge, and according to Mulla Sadra, light is light on light.

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