Modern Principles of Treatment for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The article presents a contemporary review of evidencebased strategies for the prevention, stabilization, and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), taking into account recent international clinical guidelines.The review addresses antenatal steroid prophylaxis, referral (routing) of high-risk pregnant women, the use of magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection, and algorithms for stabilizing newborns in the delivery room.Special attention is paid to the early use of non-invasive respiratory support (CPAP, NIPPV, HFNC), selective surfactant administration, and lung-protective ventilation principles aimed at minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury.Indications for invasive ventilation, current approaches to the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the role of postnatal corticosteroids and methylxanthines are analyzed.A separate section is devoted to supportive therapy, including rational infusion management, parenteral and early enteral nutrition, hemodynamic monitoring, and antimicrobial strategy.It is emphasized that a comprehensive perinatal approach based on evidence-based medicine principles and regionalization of care can significantly reduce mortality and improve long-term outcomes in preterm newborns.

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