Evfemizm lingvokulturologik fenomen sifatida: badiiy tarjimada ma’noni uzatish muammolari

Euphemisms constitute a linguistically and culturally conditioned phenomenon whose interpretation extends beyond the boundaries of lexical meaning. In literary discourse, euphemistic expressions may encode culturally specific attitudes toward socially sensitive subjects, interpersonal relations, morality, status, and acceptable forms of communication. Their translation therefore requires the reconstruction of not only referential meaning but also the cultural associations and communicative values embedded in the source expression. This article examines euphemism as a linguocultural phenomenon and investigates the challenges involved in transferring euphemistic meaning from English into Russian and Uzbek in literary translation. The study is based on selected euphemistic expressions from Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre, and George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, together with their Russian and Uzbek translations. A qualitative comparative methodology combining contextual, pragmatic, comparative, and linguocultural analysis is employed. The analysis demonstrates that culture-specific associations, differences in social conventions, degrees of indirectness, and divergent patterns of politeness may influence the choice of translation equivalents. The findings indicate that functional equivalence in euphemism translation may require cultural adaptation, functional substitution, descriptive rendering, or compensation. The study argues that the preservation of the linguocultural component should be regarded as an essential condition of adequate literary translation.

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