Chemical Functionalization of Textiles for the Synthesis of Conductive and Multifunctional Fabrics (A Review)

Abstract Chemical functionalization of textiles has recently become a key area in the creation of conductive and multifunctional materials for wearable electronics, protective clothing, and sensor systems. This review systematizes the main approaches to the formation of stable conductivity and additional functional properties in textiles, including plasma surface activation, chemical grafting, sol–gel processing, and the deposition of silver-based conductive phases, carbon nanostructures, and conductive polymers. It is shown that the durability of such materials is determined not only by the nature of the conductive component, but also by interfacial adhesion, the stability of the percolation structure during bending and washing, and the effectiveness of crosslinking agents and primers that prevent coating delamination. Particular attention is focused on hybrid systems that combine electrical conductivity, electromagnetic radiation shielding, antibacterial properties, and UV protection. Key performance parameters relevant for industrial applications are summarized, including resistance to household washing, abrasion, vapor permeability, and shielding effectiveness. It is concluded that the development of interfacial chemistry, eco-friendly dispersion systems, and scalable encapsulation methods is crucial condition for the transition from laboratory development to industrially applicable electronic textiles.

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