Synthesis and Characterization of Interpolymer Complexes for Soil Structuring and Water Retention: A Materials Engineering Approach toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This study aims to synthesize and characterize interpolymer complexes for soil structuring and moisture retention from a sustainable materials engineering perspective. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose and a urea-formaldehyde oligomer were used as complementary polymer components to form interpolymer networks. The synthesized materials were evaluated using physicochemical characterization, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, microscopy, swelling-related evaluation, and soil filtration testing. The results demonstrate that the interpolymer complexes modify soil-water behavior by reducing filtration rates and increasing filtration times under different treatment conditions, indicating their potential for improved water retention. The observed performance is associated with interactions between complementary polymer components that form stable structures capable of regulating water movement in soil. The findings demonstrate the potential of interpolymer complexes as functional materials for soil and water management. Their application has potential to contribute to more efficient irrigation-water use and sustainable soil-water management, providing materials-engineering support for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to food security and water management.

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