The Course of Early Neonatal Adaptation in Infants Born to Mothers with Preeclampsia and Prevention of Complications

Maternal preeclampsia is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes through interconnected pathways involving placental dysfunction, impaired fetal growth, and medically indicated preterm birth. The early neonatal period requires particular attention because infants must establish effective respiration, maintain body temperature, achieve metabolic stability, and initiate feeding. This narrative review examines factors influencing early adaptation in infants born to mothers with preeclampsia and considers approaches to preventing complications. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing the contribution of maternal disease from the effects of prematurity, growth restriction, and obstetric interventions. Observational evidence suggests that preterm birth does not fully explain the association between preeclampsia and neonatal morbidity; however, causal interpretation remains dependent on study design and analytical assumptions. Preventive care should connect antenatal assessment and delivery planning with neonatal preparedness, appropriate surveillance, thermal care, and feeding support. Antenatal corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate have specific indications and should not be presented as universal interventions for every pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. The review supports individualized care based on maternal disease severity, gestational age, fetal growth, and the newborn’s clinical condition. Further prospective research using standardized definitions is needed to clarify adaptation patterns and evaluate preventive strategies in different clinical settings.

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