Effects of Bursa Fabricii extract on lymphocyte subpopulations and neutrophil chemiluminescence activity under experimental immunosuppression

Secondary immunodeficiencies may arise from chronic stress, inflammation, radiation, or cytostatic therapy. Peptides from animal immune organs, such as Bursa Fabricii extract (BFE), can correct immune disorders. However, their biological mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BFE on lymphocyte subpopulations and peritoneal neutrophil chemiluminescence under experimental immunosuppression. The experiment involved 80 BALB/c mice. Immunosuppression was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). BFE was administered orally (0.1 mL/20 g) once or seven times to both immunosuppressed and healthy animals. Control groups received physiological saline. Lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD22+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+) in blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by peritoneal neutrophils was assessed via luminol-enhanced zymosan-induced chemiluminescence. In healthy mice, BFE administration did not alter lymphocyte counts but significantly increased neutrophil activity. Cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression led to a marked reduction in all lymphocyte subpopulations on days 1 and 7. In immunosuppressed animals, the seven-fold BFE administration restored T, B, and T helper cell counts to near-normal levels, except for cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+). Both single and seven-fold BFE administration significantly enhanced neutrophil activity in immunosuppressed mice compared to non-treated controls. BFE activates innate immunity by increasing neutrophils ROS production in healthy mice. In immunosuppressed mice, BFE sustains innate immune cells and, after repeated administration, restores adaptive immunity by normalizing key lymphocyte populations.

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