Cross-Border Cooperation Mechanisms for Climate Resilience

Climate change increasingly generates risks that transcend political borders, exposing border regions to compounded hazards such as flooding, drought, wildfire, and sea-level rise while subjecting them to fragmented governance systems ill-suited to manage transboundary impacts. This chapter examines cross-border cooperation frameworks for climate resilience in border regions, analysing institutional arrangements, policy coherence mechanisms, spatial planning tools, and multi-level governance structures. Drawing on empirical evidence from Europe, Central Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Indo-Pacific, it evaluates the performance of bilateral treaties, river basin organisations, regional policy frameworks, and international disaster risk governance instruments across diverse geopolitical contexts. A key conceptual contribution is the distinction between first-order transboundary risks, where physical hazards cross borders, and second-order risks, where climate impacts propagate through economic, social, or political systems.

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