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Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites

Wolfgang HaakInstitut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyPeter ForsterMcDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UKBarbara BramantiInstitut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyShuichi MatsumuraEstonian Biocentre, Tartu University, 23 Riia Str, Tartu, 51010, EstoniaGuido BrandtInstitut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyMarc TänzerInstitut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyRichard VillemsInstitut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, GermanyColin RenfrewMcDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UKDetlef GronenbornEstonian Biocentre, Tartu University, 23 Riia Str, Tartu, 51010, EstoniaKurt W. AltEstonian Biocentre, Tartu University, 23 Riia Str, Tartu, 51010, EstoniaJoachim BürgerEstonian Biocentre, Tartu University, 23 Riia Str, Tartu, 51010, Estonia

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Annotatsiya

The ancestry of modern Europeans is a subject of debate among geneticists, archaeologists, and anthropologists. A crucial question is the extent to which Europeans are descended from the first European farmers in the Neolithic Age 7500 years ago or from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who were present in Europe since 40,000 years ago. Here we present an analysis of ancient DNA from early European farmers. We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 24 out of 57 Neolithic skeletons from various locations in Germany, Austria, and Hungary. We found that 25% of the Neolithic farmers had one characteristic mtDNA type and that this type formerly was widespread among Neolithic farmers in Central Europe. Europeans today have a 150-times lower frequency (0.2%) of this mtDNA type, revealing that these first Neolithic farmers did not have a strong genetic influence on modern European female lineages. Our finding lends weight to a proposed Paleolithic ancestry for modern Europeans.

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DOI: 10.1126/science.1118725

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