Maqola

The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking

Alan K. OutramInstitute of History of Material CultureNatalie A. StearDepartment of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UKRobin BendreyDepartment of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UKSandra L. OlsenCarnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15206–3706, USAAlexei KasparovCNRS UNR 5197, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, FranceVictor F. ZaibertKokshetau University, 020000 Kokshetau, Akmolinsk Oblast, KazakhstanNick ThorpeCarnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15206–3706, USARichard P. EvershedInstitute for the History of Material Culture, RAS, St. Petersburg 191186, Russia

2009en

Ochiq kirish: yoʻq

ABI

Annotatsiya

Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using delta13C and deltaD values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.1126/science.1168594

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