Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
Kostya S. NovoselovDepartment of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKA. K. GeǐmInstitute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, RussiaС. В. МорозовDepartment of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKDa JiangInstitute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, RussiaY. ZhangInstitute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, RussiaS. V. DubonosDepartment of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKI. V. GrigorievaInstitute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, RussiaА. А. FirsovInstitute for Microelectronics Technology, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
2004en
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We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10(13) per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of approximately 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
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