The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
Romina AhumadaInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, ChileCarlos Allende PrietoUniversidad de La Laguna (ULL), Departamento de Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife SpainAndrés AlmeidaInstituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena. Avenida Raúl Bitrán S/N, La Serena, ChileF. AndersInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainScott F. AndersonDepartment of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USABrett H. AndrewsPITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USABorja AnguianoDepartment of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USAR. ArcodiaMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyE. ArmengaudCEA Paris-SaclayM AubertAix-Marseille UniversitéS. ÀvilaDepartamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, SpainV. Ávila-ReeseInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-264, 04510, Mexico, D.F., MéxicoCarles BadenesPITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAChristophe BallandSorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, FranceKathleen A. BargerDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USAJ. K. Barrera-BallesterosInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-264, 04510, Mexico, D.F., MéxicoSarbani BasuYale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USAJulian BautistaInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKRachael L. BeatonThe Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USATimothy C. BeersDepartment of Physics and JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USABallesteros BenavidesInstituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 20-364, MéxicoChad F. BenderSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAMariangela BernardiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAMatthew A. BershadySouth African Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South AfricaFlorian BeutlerInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKC. Moni BidinInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, ChileJonathan C. BirdDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, VU Station 1807, Nashville, TN 37235, USADmitry BizyaevSternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, RussiaGuillermo A. BlancThe Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USAMichael R. BlantonCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, 726 Broadway, Room 1005, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USAM. BoquienCentro de Astronomía (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1270300, ChileJ. BorissovaInstituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, ChileJo BovyDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, CanadaW. N. BrandtInstitute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAJ. BrinkmannApache Point Observatory and New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM 88349, USAJoel R. BrownsteinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAKevin BundyUCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAMartin BureauSub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKAdam J. BurgasserCenter for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USAE. BurtinCEA Paris-SaclayM. Cano-DíazInstituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-264, 04510, Mexico, D.F., MéxicoR. CapassoExcellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyMichele CappellariSub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKR. CarreraAstronomical Observatory of Padova, National Institute of Astrophysics, Vicolo Osservatorio I-5-35122—Padova, ItalySolène ChabanierCEA Paris-SaclayW. J. ChaplinSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKMichael ChapmanWaterloo Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaBrian CherinkaUniversité Bourgogne Franche-ComtéC. ChiappiniLeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyPeter Doohyun ChoiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaS. Drew ChojnowskiDepartment of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USAHaeun ChungKorean Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-722, Republic of KoreaNicolas ClercInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieDamien CoffeyMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyJulia M. ComerfordCenter for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USAJohan ComparatMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyL. N. da CostaLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-AstronomiaMarie-Claude CousinouAix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceKevin R. CoveyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225, USAJeffrey D. CraneCarnegie ObservatoriesKátia CunhaNational ObservatoryGabriele S IlhaLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia, 77 Rua General José Cristino, Rio de Janeiro, 20921-400, BrazilYu Sophia 昱 Dai 戴National Astronomical ObservatoriesS. DamstedDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandJeremy DarlingCenter for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USAJames W. DavidsonDepartment of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USARoger L. DaviesSub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKKyle DawsonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USANikhil DeFort Worth Country Day, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USAAxel de la MacorraInstituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 20-364, MéxicoNathan De LeeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, VU Station 1807, Nashville, TN 37235, USAA. B. A. QueirozLeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyAlice Deconto MachadoDepartamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilSylvain de la TorreLaboratoire d’Astrophysique de MarseilleF. Dell’AgliInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), C/ Via Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainHélion du Mas des BourbouxDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAAleksandar M. Diamond‐StanicDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, 44 Campus Avenue, Lewiston ME 04240, USASean DillonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Ave, Haverford, PA 19041, USAJohn DonorDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USANiv DroryMcDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USAChris DuckworthSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UKT. DwellyMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyGarrett EbelkeDepartment of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USASarah EftekharzadehDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAArthur EigenbrotDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 475N. Charter Street, Madison WI 53703, USAY. ElsworthSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKM. EracleousDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USAG. ErfanianfarMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Gießenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyS. EscoffierAix-Marseille UniversitéXiaohui FanSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAEmily FarrDepartment of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USAJosé G. Fernández-TrincadoInstituto de Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias, Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó, ChileDiane FeuilletMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, GermanyA. FinoguenovDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandPatricia FofieAstronomy Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USAAmelia Fraser-McKelvieSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKPeter M. FrinchaboyDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USAS. FromenteauInstituto de Ciencias Fśicas (ICF), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, MéxicoHai FuDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USAL. GalbanyPITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
2020en
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Abstract This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library “MaStar”). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).
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