Planck intermediate results - XVI. Profile likelihoods for cosmological parameters
P. A. R. AdeSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UKAde, P.A.R.Cardiff University, Cardiff, United KingdomN. AghanimUniversité Paris-Sud, Orsay, FranceK. JahnkęInstitut d'Astrophysique SpatialeM. ArnaudUniversité Paris CitéM. ArnaudDélégation Paris 7, Bagnolet, FranceM. AshdownAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKM. AshdownUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomJ. AumontInstitut d'Astrophysique SpatialeC. BaccigalupiSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyA. J. BandayUniversité Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-PyrénéesR. B. BarreiroInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainJ. G. BartlettUniversité Paris CitéE. BattanerUniversity of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada, SpainK. BenabedInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceA. Benoit-LévyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UKJ.-P. BernardUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceM. BersanelliINAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, Milano, ItalyP. BielewiczUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceJ. BobinInstitut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'UniversA. BonaldiJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKJ. R. BondCITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaF. R. BouchetInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceC. BuriganaINAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyJ.-F. CardosoAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceA. CatalanoLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de CosmologieA. ChamballuAstrophysique, Instrumentation et ModélisationH. C. ChiangDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USAP. R. ChristensenD. L. ClementsImperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UKS. ColombiInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceL. P. L. ColomboJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USAF. CouchotCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueF. CuttaiaINAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyL. DaneseSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyRodney D. DaviesJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKR. J. DavisJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKP. de BernardisDipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma, ItalyA. de RosaINAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyG. de ZottiSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyJ. DelabrouilleCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesC. DickinsonJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKJ. M. DiegoInstituto de Física de CantabriaH. DoleInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, FranceS. DonzelliINAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, Milano, ItalyO. DoréJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USAM. DouspisInstitut d'Astrophysique SpatialeX. DupacEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainT. A. EnßlinMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyH. K. EriksenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayF. Finelli⋆INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyO. ForniCNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceM. FrailisINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyE. FranceschiINAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyS. GaleottaINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyS. GalliInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceK. GangaCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesM. GiardUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceY. Giraud–HéraudAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceJ. González-NuevoInstituto de Física de CantabriaK. M. GórskiWarsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, PolandA. GregorioIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di TriesteA. GruppusoINAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, ItalyF. K. HansenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayD. L. HarrisonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKS. Henrot–VersilléCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueC. Hernández-MonteagudoMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyD. HerranzInstituto de Física de CantabriaS. R. HildebrandtCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAE. HivonUniversité Sorbonne Paris NordM. HobsonAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKW. A. HolmesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USAA. HornstrupDTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkW. HovestMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyK. M. HuffenbergerDepartment of Physics, Florida State University, Keen Physics Building, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida, USAA. H. JaffeImperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UKT. R. JaffeUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceW. C. JonesDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USAM. JuvelaDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandE. KeihänenDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandR. KeskitaloComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USAT. S. KisnerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USAR. KneißlAtacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 763 0355, Santiago, ChileJ. KnocheMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyL. KnoxDepartment of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USAM. KunzInstitut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, FranceH. Kurki‐SuonioHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandG. LagacheInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, FranceA. LähteenmäkiAalto UniversityJ.‐M. LamarreLERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, FranceA. LasenbyAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKC. R. LawrenceJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USAR. LeonardiEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainAndrew R. LiddleSUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKM. LiguoriDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi diPadova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyP. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayM. Linden-VørnleDTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkM. López-CaniegoInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainP. M. LubinDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USAJ. F. Macías–PérezLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceB. MaffeiJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UKD MainoDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, Milano, ItalyN. MandolesiDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyM. MarisINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
2014en
ABI
Annotatsiya
We explore the 2013 Planck likelihood function with a high-precision multi-dimensional minimizer (Minuit). This allows a refinement of the CDM best-fit solution with respect to previously-released results, and the construction of frequentist confidence intervals using profile likelihoods. The agreement with the cosmological results from the Bayesian framework is excellent, demonstrating the robustness of the Planck results to the statistical methodology. We investigate the inclusion of neutrino masses, where more significant differences may appear due to the non-Gaussian nature of the posterior mass distribution. By applying the Feldman-Cousins prescription, we again obtain results very similar to those of the Bayesian methodology. However, the profile-likelihood analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) combination (Planck+WP+highL) reveals a minimum well within the unphysical negative-mass region. We show that inclusion of the Planck CMB-lensing information regularizes this issue, and provide a robust frequentist upper limit σmv ≤0:26 eV (95% confidence) from the CMB+lensing+BAO data combination. © ESO 2014.
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