Preprint

Origins, admixture dynamics and homogenization of the African gene pool in the Americas

Mateus H. GouveiaInstituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, BrazilVíctor BordaDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilThiago Peixoto LealDepartamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilRennan G. MoreiraCentro de Laboratórios Multiusuário (CELAM), Laboratório de Genômica, ICB, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilAndrew W. BergenNational Cancer InstituteMarla Mendes de AquinoDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilGilderlânio Santana de AraújoDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilNathalia Matta AraujoDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilFernanda S. G. KehdyLaboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, BrazilRaquel LiboredoDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilMoara MachadoDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 2082, USAWagner C. S. MagalhãesDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilLucas A. MichelinDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilMaíra R. RodriguesDepartment of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, BrazilFernanda Rodrigues‐SoaresDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilHanaísa P. Sant AnnaMelbourne Integrative Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, AustraliaMeddly L. SantolallaDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilMarília O. ScliarDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilGiordano B. Soares‐SouzaDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilRoxana ZamudioDepartamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilCamila ZoliniBeagle, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, BrazilMichael DeanCancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USARobert H. GilmanUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruHeinner GuioInstituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, PerúJorge RochaCIBIO/InBIO: Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Vairão, 4485-661, PortugalAlexandre C. PereiraInstituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, BrazilMaurício L. BarretoFundação Oswaldo CruzBernardo Lessa HortaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 464, Pelotas, RS, 96001-970, BrazilMaria Fernanda Lima‐CostaInstituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, BrazilSam M. MbulaiteyeDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USAStephen J. ChanockNational Cancer InstituteSarah A. TishkoffDepartment of Genetics and Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United StatesMeredith YeagerCancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USAEduardo Tarazona‐SantosBeagle, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil

2019en

ABI

Annotatsiya

Abstract The Transatlantic Slave Trade transported more than 9 million Africans to the Americas between the early 16th and the mid-19th centuries. We performed genome-wide analysis of 6,267 individuals from 22 populations and observed an enrichment in West-African ancestry in northern latitudes of the Americas, whereas South/East African ancestry is more prevalent in southern South-America. This pattern results from distinct geographic and geopolitical factors leading to population differentiation. However, we observed a decrease of 68% in the African gene pool between-population diversity within the Americas when compared to the regions of origin from Africa, underscoring the importance of historical factors favoring admixture between individuals with different African origins in the New World. This is consistent with the excess of West-Central Africa ancestry (the most prevalent in the Americas) in the US and Southeast-Brazil, respect to historical-demography expectations. Also, in most of the Americas, admixture intensification occurred between 1,750 and 1,850, which correlates strongly with the peak of arrivals from Africa. This study contributes with a population genetics perspective to the ongoing social, cultural and political debate regarding ancestry, race, and admixture in the Americas. Significance Statement Differently from most genetic studies, that have estimated the overall African ancestry in the Americas, we perform a finer geographic analysis and infer how different African groups contributed to North-, South-American and Caribbean populations, in the context of geographic and geopolitical factors. We also perform a formal comparison of information from demographic history records of the Transatlantic Slave Trade with inferences based on genomic diversity of current populations. Our approach reveals the distinct regional African ancestry roots of different populations from North-, South-America and the Caribe and other important aspects of the historical process of mestizaje and its dynamics in the American continent.

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DOI: 10.1101/652701

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