Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems
Jianguo LiuEnvironmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAThomas DietzCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAStephen R. CarpenterDepartment of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAMarina AlbertiCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USACarl FolkeCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAEmilio F. MoránCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAAlice N. PellCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAPeter DeadmanCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USATimothy K. KratzCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USAJane LubchencoCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAЭлинор ОстромEnvironmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAZhiyun OuyangCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAWilliam ProvencherCenter for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USACharles L. RedmanCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAStephen H. SchneiderCenter for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAWilliam W. TaylorEnvironmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
2007en
ABI
Annotatsiya
Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.
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