Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
B. P. Abbott1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAR. Abbott1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAT. D. Abbott2Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USAM. R. Abernathy3American University, Washington, DC 20016 USAF. Acernese5INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, ItalyK. Ackley6University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAC. Adams7LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USAT. AdamsUniversité Savoie Mont BlancP. Addesso9University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, ItalyR. X. Adhikari1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAV. B. Adya11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyC. Affeldt11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyM. AgathosNikhef, Science Park, 1098, XG, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsK. Agatsuma12Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The NetherlandsN. Aggarwal13LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USAO. D. Aguiar14Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo BrazilL. Aiello15INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, ItalyA. AinUniversité Savoie Mont BlancP. AjithInternational Centre for Theoretical SciencesT. Akutsu19National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1, Ohsawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 JapanB. Allen11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyA. Allocca23INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, ItalyP. A. Altin24Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200 AustraliaA. Ananyeva1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAS. B. Anderson1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAW. G. Anderson20University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 USAMasaki Ando25The University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 JapanS. Appert1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAK. Arai1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAA. ArayaThe University of TokyoM. C. Araya1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAJ. S. Areeda28California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USAN. Arnaud29LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay, FranceK. G. Arun30Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, 603103 IndiaHideki Asada31Hirosaki University, Department of Advanced Physics, 3, Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8561 JapanS. Ascenzi16INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, ItalyG. Ashton11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyY. Aso19National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1, Ohsawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 JapanM. AstHamburg University of TechnologyS. M. Aston7LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USAP. Astone34INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, ItalyS. Atsuta35Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 JapanP. AufmuthLeibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167, Hannover, GermanyC. Aulbert11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyA. Avila-Alvarez28California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USAK. Awai36The University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Higashi-Mozumi 238, Kamioka-cho, Hida-shi, Gifu 506-1205 JapanS. Babak37Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, GermanyP. BaconCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesM. K. M. Bader12Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The NetherlandsLuca BaiottiOsaka University, Graduate School of Science, Physics, 1-1, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 560-0043, JapanP. T. Baker40West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USAF. BaldacciniUniversità di Perugia, I-06123, Perugia, ItalyG. Ballardin44European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa ItalyS. W. Ballmer45Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USAJ. C. Barayoga1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAS. E. Barclay46SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ United KingdomB. C. Barish1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAD. Barker47LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USAF. Barone5INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, ItalyB. Barr46SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ United KingdomL. Barsotti13LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USAM. BarsugliaCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesD. BartaWigner RCP, RMKI, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, H-1121, Budapest, HungaryJ. Bartlett47LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USAM. A. Barton19National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1, Ohsawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8588 JapanI. BartosColumbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USAR. Bassiri50Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USAA. Basti23INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, ItalyJ. C. Batch47LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352 USAC. Baune11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyV. Bavigadda44European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa ItalyM. BazzanUniversità di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131, Padova, ItalyB. Bécsy53MTA Eötvös University, "Lendulet" Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest, 1117 HungaryC. Beer11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyM. Bejger54Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, PolandI. Belahcene29LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay, FranceMehmet Belgin55Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USAA. S. Bell46SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ United KingdomB. K. Berger1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAG. Bergmann11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyC. P. L. Berry56University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT United KingdomD. Bersanetti57Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, ItalyA. Bertolini12Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The NetherlandsJ. Betzwieser7LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USAS. Bhagwat45Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USAR. Bhandare59RRCAT, Indore, MP 452013 IndiaI. A. BilenkoFaculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, RussiaG. Billingsley1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAC. R. Billman6University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAJ. Birch7LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754 USAR. Birney61SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE United KingdomO. Birnholtz11Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyS. Biscans1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAA. Bisht21Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, GermanyM. Bitossi44European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa ItalyC. Biwer45Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USAM. A. BizouardInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesJ. K. Blackburn1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAJonathan BlackmanCaltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAC. D. Blair63University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia
2018en
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We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and [Formula: see text] credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5-[Formula: see text] requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of [Formula: see text] of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.
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