Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Andrea AntinoriHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfGabriele ArendtHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfJames T. BeckerFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DBruce J. BrewHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDesiree ByrdFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DMariana ChernerFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DDavid B. CliffordFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DPaola CinqueHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfLeon G. EpsteinFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DKarl GoodkinFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DMagnus GisslénHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfIgor GrantHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfRobert K. HeatonHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfJoby JosephHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfKaren MarderHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfChristina M. MarraFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DJustin C. McArthurHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfMichael NunnFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DRichard W. PriceHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfLynn PulliamHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfK. R. RobertsonFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DNed SacktorFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DVictor ValcourFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DValerie WojnaFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (D
2007en
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Annotatsiya
In 1991, the AIDS Task Force of the American Academy of Neurology published nomenclature and research case definitions to guide the diagnosis of neurologic manifestations of HIV-1 infection. Now, 16 years later, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke have charged a working group to critically review the adequacy and utility of these definitional criteria and to identify aspects that require updating. This report represents a majority view, and unanimity was not reached on all points. It reviews our collective experience with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), particularly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment, and their definitional criteria; discusses the impact of comorbidities; and suggests inclusion of the term asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment to categorize individuals with subclinical impairment. An algorithm is proposed to assist in standardized diagnostic classification of HAND.
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